大宗物資貿易的經驗談

思考非常久的一段時間了，到底要不要發表關於MT103/23報文的真相，因為一旦公開發表了，有緣見到的讀者們當然將可以很快速地判別手頭上與此報文有相關聯案件之真偽程度；但從反面的角度來說，卻也有可能造成偽造或詐騙集團的工藝更上一層樓。唉！

無論如何，MT103/23最常見到於坊間流傳BG/SBLC/MTN/Bullion/大宗物資之買賣(或租賃)合同上，各位倘從Google中去蒐尋MT103/23，應該可查見下面最常見之MT103/23文字檔版本及強調說明應用它的合法性：

The authorities decided already at the end 2002 that within the year 2003 the Swift MT 799 should not be used anymore and should be replaced by the specified formats like MT 103/23 or MT 543. The reason is that the MT 799 is a free text message of the Swift 700 series and with slightly changing of different words some restrictions, like free transferability for example could have been circumvented. Furthermore the authorities want, that banks and their branches participating in this business must assure that the bank officers and the Swift departments are properly trained.

It is of course the situation that a Free Text Message can be written by everybody, while issuing and sending a MT 103/23 or MT 543 requires a special and expensive training at the Swift academy for every bank officer. This way the participating banks/branches are controlled stronger and only highly qualified bankers can make the executions circumventing corruption inside the banks.

上述這二段話基本上都是鬼扯淡，只是為合理化他們在合約中要求對方使用MT103/23的原因，這種立論實際上是一種詭辯！

開玩笑...買方選擇以發MT799來做「付款保證」(坊間流傳又稱為ICBPO)，確實僅須支付郵電費，故成本相對較低；但讀者們切勿錯以為MT799所發之ICBPO就沒有「貨真價實」的「付款能力」！倘若該客戶真沒有付款能力，全球是有哪一家白癡銀行會幫客戶以MT799來發付款保證電文？怎麼會成為使用MT103/23和MT543的最佳藉口？

MT103/23只是一個註記一些簡單的付款條件欄位之報文而已，並非坊間謠傳多年什勞子「沒給恁爸想要的貨就不給錢、給恁爸想要的貨才能給錢」的「貨到付款」絕對指令，這對SWIFT電匯報文是非常重大的誤傳！

而MT543之用途大多是針對已經集保的證券交易，試問：BG/SBLC這種玩意兒能拿去「集保」嗎？

再看看這些傢伙瞎掰的MT103/23報文格式，抬頭下還超連結了一個網址來企圖證明其所言非虛唷：

CONDITIONAL SWIFT VERBIAGE

S.W.I.F.T. FORMAT MT103 FIELD23

上述這SWIFT官網關於MT103/23之超連結純是混淆視聽，因為SWIFT官網是在舉例說明MT103/23之使用場合，根本沒有提供什勞子文字檔的Format或Verbiage。

而下面這個MT103/23之格式，則從頭到尾都是起草這些交易合約者所杜撰，與實際之MT103/23報文完全無關，同時可謂錯誤百出！

TO :

Bank Officer :
Phone Number :
Fax Number :
S.W.I.F.T. :
Account Number :
Account Holder :

FROM :

Bank Officer :
Phone Number :
Fax Number :
S.W.I.F.T. :
Account Number :
Account Holder :
BY THE ORDER OF :
TRANSACTION CODE :
BUYER’S CODE :
SELLER’S CODE :

WE,(BANK'S TITLE) , HEREBY PRESENT OUR IRREVOCABLE, ASSIGNABLE, TRANSFERABLE AND CALLABLE CASH BACKED S.W.I.F.T. WIRE TRANSFER MT 103/FIELD 23 CONDITIONAL IN YOUR FAVOR FOR THE ACCOUNT OF IN THE AMOUNT OF US$ ( UNITED STATES DOLLARS) FOR THE PURCHASE OF THE BANK INSTRUMENTS HEREIN DESCRIBED BY VERIFICATION OF REGISTRATION CUSIP NUMBERS CORRESPONDING WITH THE ISSUED CALLABLE CUSTODIAL SAFEKEEPING RECEIPTS WITH PHYSICAL DELIVERY TO BE MADE THEREAFTER. THIS S.W.I.F.T. IS CONDITIONAL UPON OUR ACCEPTING THE CERTIFIED BANK INVOICE.

WE HEREBY CONFIRM THAT THE FUNDS ARE GOOD, CLEAN AND CLEARED FUNDS OF NON-CRIMINAL ORIGIN AND ARE FROM A LEGAL SOURCE.

THIS IRREVOCABLE S.W.I.F.T. IS A BINDING FULLY PERFORMED DUE BILL AND IS IMMEDIATELY CALLABLE ON US FOR CASH PAYMENT AGAINST THE BANK CERTIFIED INVOICE CONDITIONAL UPON OUR ACCEPTANCE FOR THE PURCHASE AND DELIVERY OF THE BANK INSTRUMENTS SPECIFIED BELOW:

INSTRUMENTS : BG/SBLC/MTN
CURRENCY : UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DOLLARS
TERM : ONE(1 ) YEAR(S) AND ONE (1)DAY

INTEREST COUPON : % ( PERCENT)
ISSUING BANKS : FROM TOP TWENTY-FIVE (25) WESTERN EUROPEAN BANKS RATED “AA” OR BETTER WITH NORMAL EXCLUSIONS
DENOMINATIONS : $10, $25, $50 AND $100 MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS

THIS CONDITIONAL, IRREVOCABLE, DIVISIBLE, ASSIGNABLE, TRANSFERABLE AND CALLABLE S.W.I.F.T. WIRE TRANSFER IS VALID FOR TEN (10) BANKING DAYS FROM ____ DAY OF ________ 2004 AND UNTIL THE ____ DAY OF _______ 2004 1700HRS CENTRAL EUROPEAN TIME.

THIS IS AN OPERATIVE BANK INSTRUMENT AND IS SUBJECT TO THE UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE AS IT RELATES TO BANK CREDIT INSTRUMENTS.

___________________________ ______________________________

BANK OFFICER BANK OFFICER
NAME NAME

TITLE TITLE

為甚麼說這個MT103/23格式是「錯誤百出」？

能夠把一個屬於電匯付款的MT103報文，憑空杜撰想像而寫成一個像是附帶「到貨再給錢」的MT799(自由格式)、卻又具備了T/T以現金付款能力的報文，簡直是超級大外行！

基本上，MT103/23仍是屬於MT103系列之電匯報文，而且23欄也並不是你們買賣兩造想以怎樣的條件來指定付款，而銀行就完全可以彈性配合你們來調整，SWIFT官方規範之MT103/23根本就不是那麼一回事啦嘿！寫這MT103/23格式的傢伙，根本是個完全不用功！